diff --git a/android/module.go b/android/module.go
index e6e5918a5..f4b51ea6d 100644
--- a/android/module.go
+++ b/android/module.go
@@ -1458,7 +1458,10 @@ func addCompatibilityConstraintForCompileMultilib(ctx *topDownMutatorContext, en
 // Returns a list of the constraint_value targets who enable this override.
 func productVariableConfigEnableAttribute(ctx *topDownMutatorContext) bazel.LabelListAttribute {
 	result := bazel.LabelListAttribute{}
-	productVariableProps := ProductVariableProperties(ctx, ctx.Module())
+	productVariableProps, errs := ProductVariableProperties(ctx, ctx.Module())
+	for _, err := range errs {
+		ctx.ModuleErrorf("ProductVariableProperties error: %s", err)
+	}
 	if productConfigProps, exists := productVariableProps["Enabled"]; exists {
 		for productConfigProp, prop := range productConfigProps {
 			flag, ok := prop.(*bool)
diff --git a/android/variable.go b/android/variable.go
index 6d9cc4b8d..e521ca21c 100644
--- a/android/variable.go
+++ b/android/variable.go
@@ -669,7 +669,8 @@ type ProductConfigProperties map[string]map[ProductConfigOrSoongConfigProperty]i
 
 // ProductVariableProperties returns a ProductConfigProperties containing only the properties which
 // have been set for the given module.
-func ProductVariableProperties(ctx ArchVariantContext, module Module) ProductConfigProperties {
+func ProductVariableProperties(ctx ArchVariantContext, module Module) (ProductConfigProperties, []error) {
+	var errs []error
 	moduleBase := module.base()
 
 	productConfigProperties := ProductConfigProperties{}
@@ -693,12 +694,15 @@ func ProductVariableProperties(ctx ArchVariantContext, module Module) ProductCon
 		for namespace, namespacedVariableProps := range m.namespacedVariableProps() {
 			for _, namespacedVariableProp := range namespacedVariableProps {
 				variableValues := reflect.ValueOf(namespacedVariableProp).Elem().FieldByName(soongconfig.SoongConfigProperty)
-				productConfigProperties.AddSoongConfigProperties(namespace, variableValues)
+				err := productConfigProperties.AddSoongConfigProperties(namespace, variableValues)
+				if err != nil {
+					errs = append(errs, err)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	return productConfigProperties
+	return productConfigProperties, errs
 }
 
 func (p *ProductConfigProperties) AddProductConfigProperty(
@@ -820,7 +824,7 @@ func (productConfigProperties *ProductConfigProperties) AddProductConfigProperti
 
 }
 
-func (productConfigProperties *ProductConfigProperties) AddSoongConfigProperties(namespace string, soongConfigVariablesStruct reflect.Value) {
+func (productConfigProperties *ProductConfigProperties) AddSoongConfigProperties(namespace string, soongConfigVariablesStruct reflect.Value) error {
 	//
 	// Example of soong_config_variables:
 	//
@@ -917,7 +921,7 @@ func (productConfigProperties *ProductConfigProperties) AddSoongConfigProperties
 					if propertyName == "Target" {
 						productConfigProperties.AddSoongConfigPropertiesFromTargetStruct(namespace, variableName, proptools.PropertyNameForField(propertyOrValueName), field.Field(k))
 					} else if propertyName == "Arch" || propertyName == "Multilib" {
-						panic("Arch/Multilib are not currently supported in soong config variable structs")
+						return fmt.Errorf("Arch/Multilib are not currently supported in soong config variable structs")
 					} else {
 						productConfigProperties.AddSoongConfigProperty(propertyName, namespace, variableName, proptools.PropertyNameForField(propertyOrValueName), "", field.Field(k).Interface())
 					}
@@ -928,13 +932,14 @@ func (productConfigProperties *ProductConfigProperties) AddSoongConfigProperties
 				if propertyOrValueName == "Target" {
 					productConfigProperties.AddSoongConfigPropertiesFromTargetStruct(namespace, variableName, "", propertyOrStruct)
 				} else if propertyOrValueName == "Arch" || propertyOrValueName == "Multilib" {
-					panic("Arch/Multilib are not currently supported in soong config variable structs")
+					return fmt.Errorf("Arch/Multilib are not currently supported in soong config variable structs")
 				} else {
 					productConfigProperties.AddSoongConfigProperty(propertyOrValueName, namespace, variableName, "", "", propertyOrStruct.Interface())
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (productConfigProperties *ProductConfigProperties) AddSoongConfigPropertiesFromTargetStruct(namespace, soongConfigVariableName string, soongConfigVariableValue string, targetStruct reflect.Value) {
diff --git a/apex/apex.go b/apex/apex.go
index a116b85ee..aaa55bb3e 100644
--- a/apex/apex.go
+++ b/apex/apex.go
@@ -3298,7 +3298,10 @@ func convertWithBp2build(a *apexBundle, ctx android.TopDownMutatorContext) (baze
 		cannedFsConfigAttribute.SetValue(android.BazelLabelForModuleSrcSingle(ctx, *a.properties.Canned_fs_config))
 	}
 
-	productVariableProps := android.ProductVariableProperties(ctx, a)
+	productVariableProps, errs := android.ProductVariableProperties(ctx, a)
+	for _, err := range errs {
+		ctx.ModuleErrorf("ProductVariableProperties error: %s", err)
+	}
 	// TODO(b/219503907) this would need to be set to a.MinSdkVersionValue(ctx) but
 	// given it's coming via config, we probably don't want to put it in here.
 	var minSdkVersion bazel.StringAttribute
diff --git a/bp2build/testing.go b/bp2build/testing.go
index dbabc067e..eca602279 100644
--- a/bp2build/testing.go
+++ b/bp2build/testing.go
@@ -517,7 +517,10 @@ func (m *customModule) ConvertWithBp2build(ctx android.TopDownMutatorContext) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	productVariableProps := android.ProductVariableProperties(ctx, ctx.Module())
+	productVariableProps, errs := android.ProductVariableProperties(ctx, ctx.Module())
+	for _, err := range errs {
+		ctx.ModuleErrorf("ProductVariableProperties error: %s", err)
+	}
 	if props, ok := productVariableProps["String_literal_prop"]; ok {
 		for c, p := range props {
 			if val, ok := p.(*string); ok {
diff --git a/cc/bp2build.go b/cc/bp2build.go
index aacc0884b..6a49915aa 100644
--- a/cc/bp2build.go
+++ b/cc/bp2build.go
@@ -944,7 +944,10 @@ func bp2BuildParseBaseProps(ctx android.Bp2buildMutatorContext, module *Module)
 		nativeCoverage = BoolPtr(false)
 	}
 
-	productVariableProps := android.ProductVariableProperties(ctx, ctx.Module())
+	productVariableProps, errs := android.ProductVariableProperties(ctx, ctx.Module())
+	for _, err := range errs {
+		ctx.ModuleErrorf("ProductVariableProperties error: %s", err)
+	}
 
 	(&compilerAttrs).convertProductVariables(ctx, productVariableProps)
 	(&linkerAttrs).convertProductVariables(ctx, productVariableProps)
diff --git a/etc/prebuilt_etc.go b/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
index c48bafa26..c6318d68d 100644
--- a/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
+++ b/etc/prebuilt_etc.go
@@ -730,8 +730,11 @@ func (module *PrebuiltEtc) Bp2buildHelper(ctx android.TopDownMutatorContext) (*b
 				src.SetSelectValue(axis, config, label)
 			}
 		}
-
-		for propName, productConfigProps := range android.ProductVariableProperties(ctx, ctx.Module()) {
+		productVarProperties, errs := android.ProductVariableProperties(ctx, ctx.Module())
+		for _, err := range errs {
+			ctx.ModuleErrorf("ProductVariableProperties error: %s", err)
+		}
+		for propName, productConfigProps := range productVarProperties {
 			for configProp, propVal := range productConfigProps {
 				if propName == "Src" {
 					props, ok := propVal.(*string)
diff --git a/genrule/genrule.go b/genrule/genrule.go
index d1c2f1378..0d484c4e7 100644
--- a/genrule/genrule.go
+++ b/genrule/genrule.go
@@ -993,7 +993,10 @@ func (m *Module) ConvertWithBp2build(ctx android.TopDownMutatorContext) {
 
 	var cmdProp bazel.StringAttribute
 	cmdProp.SetValue(replaceVariables(proptools.String(m.properties.Cmd)))
-	allProductVariableProps := android.ProductVariableProperties(ctx, m)
+	allProductVariableProps, errs := android.ProductVariableProperties(ctx, m)
+	for _, err := range errs {
+		ctx.ModuleErrorf("ProductVariableProperties error: %s", err)
+	}
 	if productVariableProps, ok := allProductVariableProps["Cmd"]; ok {
 		for productVariable, value := range productVariableProps {
 			var cmd string