diff --git a/java/hiddenapi.go b/java/hiddenapi.go
index d48c7675d..884a757e2 100644
--- a/java/hiddenapi.go
+++ b/java/hiddenapi.go
@@ -170,9 +170,21 @@ func hiddenAPIEncodeDex(ctx android.ModuleContext, output android.WritablePath,
 		tmpOutput = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "hiddenapi", "unaligned", "unaligned.jar")
 		tmpDir = android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "hiddenapi", "unaligned")
 	}
+
+	enforceHiddenApiFlagsToAllMembers := true
 	// If frameworks/base doesn't exist we must be building with the 'master-art' manifest.
 	// Disable assertion that all methods/fields have hidden API flags assigned.
 	if !ctx.Config().FrameworksBaseDirExists(ctx) {
+		enforceHiddenApiFlagsToAllMembers = false
+	}
+	// b/149353192: when a module is instrumented, jacoco adds synthetic members
+	// $jacocoData and $jacocoInit. Since they don't exist when building the hidden API flags,
+	// don't complain when we don't find hidden API flags for the synthetic members.
+	if j, ok := ctx.Module().(*Library); ok && j.shouldInstrument(ctx) {
+		enforceHiddenApiFlagsToAllMembers = false
+	}
+
+	if !enforceHiddenApiFlagsToAllMembers {
 		hiddenapiFlags = "--no-force-assign-all"
 	}
 
diff --git a/java/java.go b/java/java.go
index 462dba809..b3aca4989 100644
--- a/java/java.go
+++ b/java/java.go
@@ -1519,6 +1519,14 @@ func (j *Module) compile(ctx android.ModuleContext, aaptSrcJar android.Path) {
 		j.headerJarFile = j.implementationJarFile
 	}
 
+	// Force enable the instrumentation for java code that is built for APEXes ...
+	// except for the jacocoagent itself (because instrumenting jacocoagent using jacocoagent
+	// doesn't make sense)
+	isJacocoAgent := ctx.ModuleName() == "jacocoagent"
+	if android.DirectlyInAnyApex(ctx, ctx.ModuleName()) && !isJacocoAgent && !j.IsForPlatform() {
+		j.properties.Instrument = true
+	}
+
 	if j.shouldInstrument(ctx) {
 		outputFile = j.instrument(ctx, flags, outputFile, jarName)
 	}