diff --git a/java/Android.bp b/java/Android.bp
index e07986975..4450c4275 100644
--- a/java/Android.bp
+++ b/java/Android.bp
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ bootstrap_go_package {
     ],
     testSrcs: [
         "aar_test.go",
+        "android_manifest_test.go",
         "androidmk_test.go",
         "app_import_test.go",
         "app_set_test.go",
diff --git a/java/aar.go b/java/aar.go
index 2e103289d..cbaabe947 100644
--- a/java/aar.go
+++ b/java/aar.go
@@ -31,10 +31,9 @@ import (
 type AndroidLibraryDependency interface {
 	LibraryDependency
 	ExportPackage() android.Path
-	ExportedRRODirs() []rroDir
-	ExportedStaticPackages() android.Paths
-	ExportedManifests() android.Paths
-	ExportedAssets() android.OptionalPath
+	ResourcesNodeDepSet() *android.DepSet[*resourcesNode]
+	RRODirsDepSet() *android.DepSet[rroDir]
+	ManifestsDepSet() *android.DepSet[android.Path]
 	SetRROEnforcedForDependent(enforce bool)
 	IsRROEnforced(ctx android.BaseModuleContext) bool
 }
@@ -94,30 +93,32 @@ type aaptProperties struct {
 }
 
 type aapt struct {
-	aaptSrcJar              android.Path
-	exportPackage           android.Path
-	manifestPath            android.Path
-	transitiveManifestPaths android.Paths
-	proguardOptionsFile     android.Path
-	rroDirs                 []rroDir
-	rTxt                    android.Path
-	extraAaptPackagesFile   android.Path
-	mergedManifestFile      android.Path
-	noticeFile              android.OptionalPath
-	assetPackage            android.OptionalPath
-	isLibrary               bool
-	defaultManifestVersion  string
-	useEmbeddedNativeLibs   bool
-	useEmbeddedDex          bool
-	usesNonSdkApis          bool
-	hasNoCode               bool
-	LoggingParent           string
-	resourceFiles           android.Paths
+	aaptSrcJar             android.Path
+	exportPackage          android.Path
+	manifestPath           android.Path
+	proguardOptionsFile    android.Path
+	rTxt                   android.Path
+	extraAaptPackagesFile  android.Path
+	mergedManifestFile     android.Path
+	noticeFile             android.OptionalPath
+	assetPackage           android.OptionalPath
+	isLibrary              bool
+	defaultManifestVersion string
+	useEmbeddedNativeLibs  bool
+	useEmbeddedDex         bool
+	usesNonSdkApis         bool
+	hasNoCode              bool
+	LoggingParent          string
+	resourceFiles          android.Paths
 
 	splitNames []string
 	splits     []split
 
 	aaptProperties aaptProperties
+
+	resourcesNodesDepSet *android.DepSet[*resourcesNode]
+	rroDirsDepSet        *android.DepSet[rroDir]
+	manifestsDepSet      *android.DepSet[android.Path]
 }
 
 type split struct {
@@ -141,17 +142,16 @@ func propagateRROEnforcementMutator(ctx android.TopDownMutatorContext) {
 func (a *aapt) ExportPackage() android.Path {
 	return a.exportPackage
 }
-
-func (a *aapt) ExportedRRODirs() []rroDir {
-	return a.rroDirs
+func (a *aapt) ResourcesNodeDepSet() *android.DepSet[*resourcesNode] {
+	return a.resourcesNodesDepSet
 }
 
-func (a *aapt) ExportedManifests() android.Paths {
-	return a.transitiveManifestPaths
+func (a *aapt) RRODirsDepSet() *android.DepSet[rroDir] {
+	return a.rroDirsDepSet
 }
 
-func (a *aapt) ExportedAssets() android.OptionalPath {
-	return a.assetPackage
+func (a *aapt) ManifestsDepSet() *android.DepSet[android.Path] {
+	return a.manifestsDepSet
 }
 
 func (a *aapt) SetRROEnforcedForDependent(enforce bool) {
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ func (a *aapt) buildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkCon
 	classLoaderContexts dexpreopt.ClassLoaderContextMap, excludedLibs []string,
 	enforceDefaultTargetSdkVersion bool, extraLinkFlags ...string) {
 
-	transitiveStaticLibs, transitiveStaticLibManifests, staticRRODirs, assetPackages, libDeps, libFlags :=
+	staticResourcesNodesDepSet, staticRRODirsDepSet, staticManifestsDepSet, sharedDeps, libFlags :=
 		aaptLibs(ctx, sdkContext, classLoaderContexts)
 
 	// Exclude any libraries from the supplied list.
@@ -315,13 +315,20 @@ func (a *aapt) buildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkCon
 		EnforceDefaultTargetSdkVersion: enforceDefaultTargetSdkVersion,
 	})
 
+	staticDeps := transitiveAarDeps(staticResourcesNodesDepSet.ToList())
+
 	// Add additional manifest files to transitive manifests.
 	additionalManifests := android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, a.aaptProperties.Additional_manifests)
-	a.transitiveManifestPaths = append(android.Paths{manifestPath}, additionalManifests...)
-	a.transitiveManifestPaths = append(a.transitiveManifestPaths, transitiveStaticLibManifests...)
+	transitiveManifestPaths := append(android.Paths{manifestPath}, additionalManifests...)
+	// TODO(b/288358614): Soong has historically not merged manifests from dependencies of android_library_import
+	// modules.  Merging manifests from dependencies could remove the need for pom2bp to generate the "-nodeps" copies
+	// of androidx libraries, but doing so triggers errors due to errors introduced by existing dependencies of
+	// android_library_import modules.  If this is fixed, staticManifestsDepSet can be dropped completely in favor of
+	// staticResourcesNodesDepSet.manifests()
+	transitiveManifestPaths = append(transitiveManifestPaths, staticManifestsDepSet.ToList()...)
 
-	if len(a.transitiveManifestPaths) > 1 && !Bool(a.aaptProperties.Dont_merge_manifests) {
-		a.mergedManifestFile = manifestMerger(ctx, a.transitiveManifestPaths[0], a.transitiveManifestPaths[1:], a.isLibrary)
+	if len(transitiveManifestPaths) > 1 && !Bool(a.aaptProperties.Dont_merge_manifests) {
+		a.mergedManifestFile = manifestMerger(ctx, transitiveManifestPaths[0], transitiveManifestPaths[1:], a.isLibrary)
 		if !a.isLibrary {
 			// Only use the merged manifest for applications.  For libraries, the transitive closure of manifests
 			// will be propagated to the final application and merged there.  The merged manifest for libraries is
@@ -334,9 +341,9 @@ func (a *aapt) buildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkCon
 
 	compileFlags, linkFlags, linkDeps, resDirs, overlayDirs, rroDirs, resZips := a.aapt2Flags(ctx, sdkContext, manifestPath)
 
-	rroDirs = append(rroDirs, staticRRODirs...)
 	linkFlags = append(linkFlags, libFlags...)
-	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, libDeps...)
+	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, sharedDeps...)
+	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, staticDeps.resPackages()...)
 	linkFlags = append(linkFlags, extraLinkFlags...)
 	if a.isLibrary {
 		linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "--static-lib")
@@ -364,6 +371,10 @@ func (a *aapt) buildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkCon
 
 	var compiledRes, compiledOverlay android.Paths
 
+	// AAPT2 overlays are in lowest to highest priority order, reverse the topological order
+	// of transitiveStaticLibs.
+	transitiveStaticLibs := android.ReversePaths(staticDeps.resPackages())
+
 	compiledOverlay = append(compiledOverlay, transitiveStaticLibs...)
 
 	if len(transitiveStaticLibs) > 0 {
@@ -405,12 +416,18 @@ func (a *aapt) buildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkCon
 		})
 	}
 
+	// No need to specify assets from dependencies to aapt2Link for libraries, all transitive assets will be
+	// provided to the final app aapt2Link step.
+	var transitiveAssets android.Paths
+	if !a.isLibrary {
+		transitiveAssets = android.ReverseSliceInPlace(staticDeps.assets())
+	}
 	aapt2Link(ctx, packageRes, srcJar, proguardOptionsFile, rTxt, extraPackages,
-		linkFlags, linkDeps, compiledRes, compiledOverlay, assetPackages, splitPackages)
+		linkFlags, linkDeps, compiledRes, compiledOverlay, transitiveAssets, splitPackages)
 
 	// Extract assets from the resource package output so that they can be used later in aapt2link
 	// for modules that depend on this one.
-	if android.PrefixInList(linkFlags, "-A ") || len(assetPackages) > 0 {
+	if android.PrefixInList(linkFlags, "-A ") {
 		assets := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "assets.zip")
 		ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
 			Rule:        extractAssetsRule,
@@ -425,17 +442,66 @@ func (a *aapt) buildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkCon
 	a.exportPackage = packageRes
 	a.manifestPath = manifestPath
 	a.proguardOptionsFile = proguardOptionsFile
-	a.rroDirs = rroDirs
 	a.extraAaptPackagesFile = extraPackages
 	a.rTxt = rTxt
 	a.splits = splits
+	a.resourcesNodesDepSet = android.NewDepSetBuilder[*resourcesNode](android.TOPOLOGICAL).
+		Direct(&resourcesNode{
+			resPackage:          a.exportPackage,
+			manifest:            a.manifestPath,
+			additionalManifests: additionalManifests,
+			assets:              a.assetPackage,
+		}).
+		Transitive(staticResourcesNodesDepSet).Build()
+	a.rroDirsDepSet = android.NewDepSetBuilder[rroDir](android.TOPOLOGICAL).
+		Direct(rroDirs...).
+		Transitive(staticRRODirsDepSet).Build()
+	a.manifestsDepSet = android.NewDepSetBuilder[android.Path](android.TOPOLOGICAL).
+		Direct(a.manifestPath).
+		DirectSlice(additionalManifests).
+		Transitive(staticManifestsDepSet).Build()
+}
+
+type resourcesNode struct {
+	resPackage          android.Path
+	manifest            android.Path
+	additionalManifests android.Paths
+	assets              android.OptionalPath
+}
+
+type transitiveAarDeps []*resourcesNode
+
+func (t transitiveAarDeps) resPackages() android.Paths {
+	var paths android.Paths
+	for _, dep := range t {
+		paths = append(paths, dep.resPackage)
+	}
+	return android.FirstUniquePaths(paths)
+}
+
+func (t transitiveAarDeps) manifests() android.Paths {
+	var paths android.Paths
+	for _, dep := range t {
+		paths = append(paths, dep.manifest)
+		paths = append(paths, dep.additionalManifests...)
+	}
+	return android.FirstUniquePaths(paths)
+}
+
+func (t transitiveAarDeps) assets() android.Paths {
+	var paths android.Paths
+	for _, dep := range t {
+		if dep.assets.Valid() {
+			paths = append(paths, dep.assets.Path())
+		}
+	}
+	return paths
 }
 
 // aaptLibs collects libraries from dependencies and sdk_version and converts them into paths
 func aaptLibs(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkContext, classLoaderContexts dexpreopt.ClassLoaderContextMap) (
-	transitiveStaticLibs, transitiveStaticLibManifests android.Paths, staticRRODirs []rroDir, assets, deps android.Paths, flags []string) {
-
-	var sharedLibs android.Paths
+	staticResourcesNodes *android.DepSet[*resourcesNode], staticRRODirs *android.DepSet[rroDir],
+	staticManifests *android.DepSet[android.Path], sharedLibs android.Paths, flags []string) {
 
 	if classLoaderContexts == nil {
 		// Not all callers need to compute class loader context, those who don't just pass nil.
@@ -448,6 +514,10 @@ func aaptLibs(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkContext, classLoa
 		sharedLibs = append(sharedLibs, sdkDep.jars...)
 	}
 
+	var resourcesNodeDepSets []*android.DepSet[*resourcesNode]
+	rroDirsDepSetBuilder := android.NewDepSetBuilder[rroDir](android.TOPOLOGICAL)
+	manifestsDepSetBuilder := android.NewDepSetBuilder[android.Path](android.TOPOLOGICAL)
+
 	ctx.VisitDirectDeps(func(module android.Module) {
 		depTag := ctx.OtherModuleDependencyTag(module)
 
@@ -470,32 +540,28 @@ func aaptLibs(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkContext, classLoa
 			}
 		case staticLibTag:
 			if exportPackage != nil {
-				transitiveStaticLibs = append(transitiveStaticLibs, aarDep.ExportedStaticPackages()...)
-				transitiveStaticLibs = append(transitiveStaticLibs, exportPackage)
-				transitiveStaticLibManifests = append(transitiveStaticLibManifests, aarDep.ExportedManifests()...)
-				if aarDep.ExportedAssets().Valid() {
-					assets = append(assets, aarDep.ExportedAssets().Path())
-				}
-
-			outer:
-				for _, d := range aarDep.ExportedRRODirs() {
-					for _, e := range staticRRODirs {
-						if d.path == e.path {
-							continue outer
-						}
-					}
-					staticRRODirs = append(staticRRODirs, d)
-				}
+				resourcesNodeDepSets = append(resourcesNodeDepSets, aarDep.ResourcesNodeDepSet())
+				rroDirsDepSetBuilder.Transitive(aarDep.RRODirsDepSet())
+				manifestsDepSetBuilder.Transitive(aarDep.ManifestsDepSet())
 			}
 		}
 
 		addCLCFromDep(ctx, module, classLoaderContexts)
 	})
 
-	deps = append(deps, sharedLibs...)
-	deps = append(deps, transitiveStaticLibs...)
+	// AAPT2 overlays are in lowest to highest priority order, the topological order will be reversed later.
+	// Reverse the dependency order now going into the depset so that it comes out in order after the second
+	// reverse later.
+	// NOTE: this is legacy and probably incorrect behavior, for most other cases (e.g. conflicting classes in
+	// dependencies) the highest priority dependency is listed first, but for resources the highest priority
+	// dependency has to be listed last.
+	staticResourcesNodes = android.NewDepSet(android.TOPOLOGICAL, nil,
+		android.ReverseSliceInPlace(resourcesNodeDepSets))
 
-	if len(transitiveStaticLibs) > 0 {
+	staticRRODirs = rroDirsDepSetBuilder.Build()
+	staticManifests = manifestsDepSetBuilder.Build()
+
+	if len(staticResourcesNodes.ToList()) > 0 {
 		flags = append(flags, "--auto-add-overlay")
 	}
 
@@ -503,10 +569,7 @@ func aaptLibs(ctx android.ModuleContext, sdkContext android.SdkContext, classLoa
 		flags = append(flags, "-I "+sharedLib.String())
 	}
 
-	transitiveStaticLibs = android.FirstUniquePaths(transitiveStaticLibs)
-	transitiveStaticLibManifests = android.FirstUniquePaths(transitiveStaticLibManifests)
-
-	return transitiveStaticLibs, transitiveStaticLibManifests, staticRRODirs, assets, deps, flags
+	return staticResourcesNodes, staticRRODirs, staticManifests, sharedLibs, flags
 }
 
 type AndroidLibrary struct {
@@ -517,8 +580,6 @@ type AndroidLibrary struct {
 	androidLibraryProperties androidLibraryProperties
 
 	aarFile android.WritablePath
-
-	exportedStaticPackages android.Paths
 }
 
 var _ android.OutputFileProducer = (*AndroidLibrary)(nil)
@@ -533,10 +594,6 @@ func (a *AndroidLibrary) OutputFiles(tag string) (android.Paths, error) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (a *AndroidLibrary) ExportedStaticPackages() android.Paths {
-	return a.exportedStaticPackages
-}
-
 var _ AndroidLibraryDependency = (*AndroidLibrary)(nil)
 
 func (a *AndroidLibrary) DepsMutator(ctx android.BottomUpMutatorContext) {
@@ -580,19 +637,15 @@ func (a *AndroidLibrary) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext)
 
 	a.exportedProguardFlagFiles = append(a.exportedProguardFlagFiles,
 		android.PathsForModuleSrc(ctx, a.dexProperties.Optimize.Proguard_flags_files)...)
+
 	ctx.VisitDirectDeps(func(m android.Module) {
 		if ctx.OtherModuleDependencyTag(m) == staticLibTag {
 			if lib, ok := m.(LibraryDependency); ok {
 				a.exportedProguardFlagFiles = append(a.exportedProguardFlagFiles, lib.ExportedProguardFlagFiles()...)
 			}
-			if alib, ok := m.(AndroidLibraryDependency); ok {
-				a.exportedStaticPackages = append(a.exportedStaticPackages, alib.ExportPackage())
-				a.exportedStaticPackages = append(a.exportedStaticPackages, alib.ExportedStaticPackages()...)
-			}
 		}
 	})
 	a.exportedProguardFlagFiles = android.FirstUniquePaths(a.exportedProguardFlagFiles)
-	a.exportedStaticPackages = android.FirstUniquePaths(a.exportedStaticPackages)
 
 	prebuiltJniPackages := android.Paths{}
 	ctx.VisitDirectDeps(func(module android.Module) {
@@ -682,7 +735,8 @@ type AARImport struct {
 	manifest              android.WritablePath
 	assetsPackage         android.WritablePath
 
-	exportedStaticPackages android.Paths
+	resourcesNodesDepSet *android.DepSet[*resourcesNode]
+	manifestsDepSet      *android.DepSet[android.Path]
 
 	hideApexVariantFromMake bool
 
@@ -739,25 +793,20 @@ var _ AndroidLibraryDependency = (*AARImport)(nil)
 func (a *AARImport) ExportPackage() android.Path {
 	return a.exportPackage
 }
-
 func (a *AARImport) ExportedProguardFlagFiles() android.Paths {
 	return android.Paths{a.proguardFlags}
 }
 
-func (a *AARImport) ExportedRRODirs() []rroDir {
-	return nil
+func (a *AARImport) ResourcesNodeDepSet() *android.DepSet[*resourcesNode] {
+	return a.resourcesNodesDepSet
 }
 
-func (a *AARImport) ExportedStaticPackages() android.Paths {
-	return a.exportedStaticPackages
+func (a *AARImport) RRODirsDepSet() *android.DepSet[rroDir] {
+	return android.NewDepSet[rroDir](android.TOPOLOGICAL, nil, nil)
 }
 
-func (a *AARImport) ExportedManifests() android.Paths {
-	return android.Paths{a.manifest}
-}
-
-func (a *AARImport) ExportedAssets() android.OptionalPath {
-	return android.OptionalPathForPath(a.assetsPackage)
+func (a *AARImport) ManifestsDepSet() *android.DepSet[android.Path] {
+	return a.manifestsDepSet
 }
 
 // RRO enforcement is not available on aar_import since its RRO dirs are not
@@ -892,32 +941,44 @@ func (a *AARImport) GenerateAndroidBuildActions(ctx android.ModuleContext) {
 	linkFlags = append(linkFlags, "--manifest "+a.manifest.String())
 	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, a.manifest)
 
-	transitiveStaticLibs, staticLibManifests, staticRRODirs, transitiveAssets, libDeps, libFlags :=
+	staticResourcesNodesDepSet, staticRRODirsDepSet, staticManifestsDepSet, sharedLibs, libFlags :=
 		aaptLibs(ctx, android.SdkContext(a), nil)
 
-	_ = staticLibManifests
-	_ = staticRRODirs
+	_ = staticRRODirsDepSet
+	staticDeps := transitiveAarDeps(staticResourcesNodesDepSet.ToList())
 
-	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, libDeps...)
+	// AAPT2 overlays are in lowest to highest priority order, reverse the topological order
+	// of transitiveStaticLibs.
+	transitiveStaticLibs := android.ReversePaths(staticDeps.resPackages())
+
+	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, sharedLibs...)
+	linkDeps = append(linkDeps, transitiveStaticLibs...)
 	linkFlags = append(linkFlags, libFlags...)
 
 	overlayRes := append(android.Paths{flata}, transitiveStaticLibs...)
 
+	transitiveAssets := android.ReverseSliceInPlace(staticDeps.assets())
 	aapt2Link(ctx, a.exportPackage, srcJar, proguardOptionsFile, rTxt, a.extraAaptPackagesFile,
 		linkFlags, linkDeps, nil, overlayRes, transitiveAssets, nil)
 
-	// Merge this import's assets with its dependencies' assets (if there are any).
-	if len(transitiveAssets) > 0 {
-		mergedAssets := android.PathForModuleOut(ctx, "merged-assets.zip")
-		inputZips := append(android.Paths{a.assetsPackage}, transitiveAssets...)
-		ctx.Build(pctx, android.BuildParams{
-			Rule:        mergeAssetsRule,
-			Inputs:      inputZips,
-			Output:      mergedAssets,
-			Description: "merge assets from dependencies and self",
-		})
-		a.assetsPackage = mergedAssets
-	}
+	resourcesNodesDepSetBuilder := android.NewDepSetBuilder[*resourcesNode](android.TOPOLOGICAL)
+	resourcesNodesDepSetBuilder.Direct(&resourcesNode{
+		resPackage: a.exportPackage,
+		manifest:   a.manifest,
+		assets:     android.OptionalPathForPath(a.assetsPackage),
+	})
+	resourcesNodesDepSetBuilder.Transitive(staticResourcesNodesDepSet)
+	a.resourcesNodesDepSet = resourcesNodesDepSetBuilder.Build()
+
+	manifestDepSetBuilder := android.NewDepSetBuilder[android.Path](android.TOPOLOGICAL).Direct(a.manifest)
+	// TODO(b/288358614): Soong has historically not merged manifests from dependencies of android_library_import
+	// modules.  Merging manifests from dependencies could remove the need for pom2bp to generate the "-nodeps" copies
+	// of androidx libraries, but doing so triggers errors due to errors introduced by existing dependencies of
+	// android_library_import modules.  If this is fixed, AndroidLibraryDependency.ManifestsDepSet can be dropped
+	// completely in favor of AndroidLibraryDependency.ResourceNodesDepSet.manifest
+	//manifestDepSetBuilder.Transitive(transitiveStaticDeps.manifests)
+	_ = staticManifestsDepSet
+	a.manifestsDepSet = manifestDepSetBuilder.Build()
 
 	a.collectTransitiveHeaderJars(ctx)
 	ctx.SetProvider(JavaInfoProvider, JavaInfo{
diff --git a/java/android_manifest_test.go b/java/android_manifest_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b12d77896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/android_manifest_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package java
+
+import (
+	"android/soong/android"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestManifestMerger(t *testing.T) {
+	bp := `
+		android_app {
+			name: "app",
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			srcs: ["app/app.java"],
+			resource_dirs: ["app/res"],
+			manifest: "app/AndroidManifest.xml",
+			additional_manifests: ["app/AndroidManifest2.xml"],
+			static_libs: ["direct", "direct_import"],
+		}
+
+		android_library {
+			name: "direct",
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			srcs: ["direct/direct.java"],
+			resource_dirs: ["direct/res"],
+			manifest: "direct/AndroidManifest.xml",
+			additional_manifests: ["direct/AndroidManifest2.xml"],
+			static_libs: ["transitive", "transitive_import"],
+		}
+
+		android_library {
+			name: "transitive",
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			srcs: ["transitive/transitive.java"],
+			resource_dirs: ["transitive/res"],
+			manifest: "transitive/AndroidManifest.xml",
+			additional_manifests: ["transitive/AndroidManifest2.xml"],
+		}
+
+		android_library_import {
+			name: "direct_import",
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			aars: ["direct_import.aar"],
+			static_libs: ["direct_import_dep"],
+		}
+
+		android_library_import {
+			name: "direct_import_dep",
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			aars: ["direct_import_dep.aar"],
+		}
+
+		android_library_import {
+			name: "transitive_import",
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			aars: ["transitive_import.aar"],
+			static_libs: ["transitive_import_dep"],
+		}
+
+		android_library_import {
+			name: "transitive_import_dep",
+			sdk_version: "current",
+			aars: ["transitive_import_dep.aar"],
+		}
+	`
+
+	result := android.GroupFixturePreparers(
+		PrepareForTestWithJavaDefaultModules,
+		PrepareForTestWithOverlayBuildComponents,
+	).RunTestWithBp(t, bp)
+
+	manifestMergerRule := result.ModuleForTests("app", "android_common").Rule("manifestMerger")
+	android.AssertPathRelativeToTopEquals(t, "main manifest",
+		"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/manifest_fixer/AndroidManifest.xml",
+		manifestMergerRule.Input)
+	android.AssertPathsRelativeToTopEquals(t, "lib manifests",
+		[]string{
+			"app/AndroidManifest2.xml",
+			"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/manifest_fixer/AndroidManifest.xml",
+			"direct/AndroidManifest2.xml",
+			"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/manifest_fixer/AndroidManifest.xml",
+			"transitive/AndroidManifest2.xml",
+			"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/aar/AndroidManifest.xml",
+			"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/aar/AndroidManifest.xml",
+			// TODO(b/288358614): Soong has historically not merged manifests from dependencies of
+			// android_library_import modules.
+
+		},
+		manifestMergerRule.Implicits)
+}
diff --git a/java/androidmk.go b/java/androidmk.go
index 9c21633fb..13cc96a88 100644
--- a/java/androidmk.go
+++ b/java/androidmk.go
@@ -368,8 +368,13 @@ func (app *AndroidApp) AndroidMkEntries() []android.AndroidMkEntries {
 
 				filterRRO := func(filter overlayType) android.Paths {
 					var paths android.Paths
-					for _, d := range app.rroDirs {
+					seen := make(map[android.Path]bool)
+					for _, d := range app.rroDirsDepSet.ToList() {
 						if d.overlayType == filter {
+							if seen[d.path] {
+								continue
+							}
+							seen[d.path] = true
 							paths = append(paths, d.path)
 						}
 					}
diff --git a/java/app.go b/java/app.go
index fd626e1d6..25909ec9d 100755
--- a/java/app.go
+++ b/java/app.go
@@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ func (a *AndroidApp) ExportedProguardFlagFiles() android.Paths {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (a *AndroidApp) ExportedStaticPackages() android.Paths {
-	return nil
+func (a *AndroidApp) ResourcesNodeDepSet() *android.DepSet[*resourcesNode] {
+	return a.aapt.resourcesNodesDepSet
 }
 
 func (a *AndroidApp) OutputFile() android.Path {
diff --git a/java/app_test.go b/java/app_test.go
index 12c3a9559..c438b6cfa 100644
--- a/java/app_test.go
+++ b/java/app_test.go
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ func TestLibraryAssets(t *testing.T) {
 			android_library {
 				name: "lib3",
 				sdk_version: "current",
-				static_libs: ["lib4"],
+				static_libs: ["lib4", "import"],
 			}
 
 			android_library {
@@ -607,6 +607,12 @@ func TestLibraryAssets(t *testing.T) {
 				sdk_version: "current",
 				asset_dirs: ["assets_b"],
 			}
+
+			android_library_import {
+				name: "import",
+				sdk_version: "current",
+				aars: ["import.aar"],
+			}
 		`
 
 	testCases := []struct {
@@ -616,11 +622,12 @@ func TestLibraryAssets(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "foo",
-			// lib1 has its own asset. lib3 doesn't have any, but provides lib4's transitively.
+			// lib1 has its own assets. lib3 doesn't have any, but lib4 and import have assets.
 			assetPackages: []string{
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/foo/android_common/aapt2/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/lib1/android_common/assets.zip",
-				"out/soong/.intermediates/lib3/android_common/assets.zip",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/lib4/android_common/assets.zip",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/import/android_common/assets.zip",
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -632,10 +639,6 @@ func TestLibraryAssets(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name: "lib3",
-			assetPackages: []string{
-				"out/soong/.intermediates/lib3/android_common/aapt2/package-res.apk",
-				"out/soong/.intermediates/lib4/android_common/assets.zip",
-			},
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "lib4",
@@ -761,11 +764,14 @@ func TestAndroidResourceProcessor(t *testing.T) {
 			appResources: nil,
 			appOverlays: []string{
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/aapt2/app/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
 			},
+
 			appImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
 			appSrcJars: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/app/android_common/gen/android/R.srcjar"},
 			appClasspath: []string{
@@ -782,9 +788,11 @@ func TestAndroidResourceProcessor(t *testing.T) {
 			directResources: nil,
 			directOverlays: []string{
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive/android_common/package-res.apk",
+				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import_dep/android_common/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/transitive_import/android_common/package-res.apk",
 				"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/aapt2/direct/res/values_strings.arsc.flat",
 			},
+
 			directImports: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/default/java/framework-res/android_common/package-res.apk"},
 			directSrcJars: []string{"out/soong/.intermediates/direct/android_common/gen/android/R.srcjar"},
 			directClasspath: []string{
@@ -1198,7 +1206,7 @@ func TestAndroidResourceOverlays(t *testing.T) {
 					overlayFiles = resourceListToFiles(module, android.PathsRelativeToTop(overlayList.Inputs))
 				}
 
-				for _, d := range module.Module().(AndroidLibraryDependency).ExportedRRODirs() {
+				for _, d := range module.Module().(AndroidLibraryDependency).RRODirsDepSet().ToList() {
 					var prefix string
 					if d.overlayType == device {
 						prefix = "device:"